From Invasive to Investigation: Polyphenolic Diversity and Cytotoxic Efficacy in an Ethyl Acetate Extract of Iraqi Eichhornia crassipes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31351/vol35iss3pp68-69Abstract
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) is a free-floating macrophyte that exerts substantial influence on aquatic ecosystems. Commonly referred to as water hyacinth, it also possesses notable industrial and therapeutic applications. The presence of secondary metabolites in the plant Eichhornia crassipes has exhibited a broad spectrum of therapeutic effects, with significant medical potential attributed to alkaloids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This Iraqi research focus on assessing the cellular damaging impacts of the ethyl acetate extract from the entire plant on the novel human breast neoplasm (AMJ13) cell line and to conduct both qualitative and quantitative analyses of various polyphenolic compounds in Iraqi Eichhornia crassipes utilizing HPLC. Eight polyphenolic compounds were found via qualitative phytochemical study of Eichhornia crassipes in the ethyl acetate extract from Iraqi Eichhornia crassipes. This is the inaugural study of its sort in Iraq, and maybe globally, regarding the existence of quercitrin in Eichhornia crassipes. The chemicals comprised diverse phenolic acids, as benzoic acid (gallic acid) and hydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid), as well as flavonoids such as flavone (luteolin and apigenin) and flavanone (naringenin). The presence of flavonol glycoside (quercitrin) in the ethyl acetate extract of Eichhornia crassipes from Iraq was investigated; this is the first investigation on quercitrin in Eichhornia crassipes conducted in Iraq, and potentially globally. Quantitative examination revealed that chlorogenic acid was present in greater quantities than the other components in the ethyl acetate extract, followed by gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, with naringenin exhibiting the lowest concentration. The data indicate that phenolic acid concentrations exceed those of flavonoids. The present investigation demonstrated that Eichhornia crassipes can be utilized therapeutically as an oncolytic agent, evidenced by an IC50 value of 127.5 µg/ml.
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